Judaism's Temple-based sects, including the priesthood and the Sadducees, diminished in importance. The loss of mother-city and temple necessitated a reshaping of Jewish culture to ensure its survival. Later in 70, the siege and subsequent sack of Jerusalem and the Second Temple during the First Jewish–Roman War marked a major turning point in Jewish history. In 64, the Great Fire of Rome destroyed two-thirds of the city, precipitating the empire's first persecution of Christians, who were blamed for the disaster. Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Alexandria in 38. In the early 30s, Roman governor Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus to crucifixion his suffering and redemptive death by crucifixion would become central aspects of Christian theology concerning the doctrines of salvation and atonement. The century saw the emergence of Christianity. The states of Funan and Xianbei were also established in this century. On its northern frontier, the Chinese dynasties waged intermittent war with the Xiongnu before emerging victorious in 91. In 58, the Eastern Han dynasty entered a golden age with the Rule of Ming and Zhang, who were generally regarded as able administrators who cared about the welfare of the people and who promoted officials with integrity. The Eastern Han dynasty then faced and quelled a rebellion by the Trưng sisters (40–43). In East Asia, the Chinese Western Han dynasty was overthrown and replaced by the Xin dynasty in 9, which in turn faced its own rebel movements (namely the Red Eyebrows and Lulin), and was replaced by the Eastern Han dynasty in 25. In West Asia, Rome defeated a Jewish rebellion (66–73) and fought a war with Parthia from 58–63, though the latter conflict was inconclusive. In Africa, Rome was challenged by Tacfarinas, who led his own Musulamii tribe and a loose and changing coalition of other Berber tribes before being defeated in 24. In Europe, Rome expanded into Britain and fought wars in Germania and Dacia. The Roman Empire, Han China and the Parthian Persia were the most powerful and hegemonic states.ĭuring this century, the Roman Empire (ruled by the Julio-Claudian and Flavian dynasties) continued to be in a period of relative stability known as Pax Romana, notwithstanding a financial crisis in 33 and a civil war in 69. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period.

It is often written as the 1st century AD or 1st century CE to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 (represented by the Roman numeral I) through AD 100 (C) according to the Julian calendar. Four different men ( Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian) claim the title of Emperor within the span of a year The Great Fire of Rome (18th-century painting) sees the destruction of two-thirds of the city, precipitating the empire's first persecution against Christians, who are blamed for the disaster The Roman Colosseum is built and holds its inaugural games Roman forces besiege Jerusalem during the First Jewish–Roman War (19th-century painting) The Trưng sisters lead a rebellion against the Chinese Han dynasty (anachronistic depiction) Boudica, queen of the British Iceni leads a rebellion against Rome (19th-century statue) Knife-shaped coin of the Xin dynasty.

Century From top left, clockwise: Jesus is crucified by Roman authorities (17th century painting).

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